With the rapid development of modern science and technology, strengthening the trend of global economic integration. all countries are facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges. Modern logistics is an advanced method of organization and management skills, is widely considered to be in lower material consumption. raising labor productivity outside of the source of profits in national economic and social development and plays an important role.

1, a modern logistics industry and logistics center

    1.1 logistics, the logistics center and its flow characteristics of materials, called logistics. Logistics originally formed in the United States. called "physicaldistribution" (PD). "distribution in kind" or "goods delivery." Japan imported after the 1960s as "the link between the production and consumption of goods custodian, transportation, handling, packaging, processing functions and control such functions as a backup to the information role It played a role as a bridge in sales material. "My contacts in the 1980s to the" logistics ", However, the logistics have been called the "logistics" instead of the past, "PD" meaning, "logistics" intended for military logistical support for the transfer of materials circulation after the Second World War. According to the American Logistics Association of logistics management : the definition of "logistics is carried out in order to meet consumer demand for raw materials. Intermediate storage, and related information from the initial to the final product to the consumer, the effective flow, storage, implement and control the process. "Therefore, to meet consumer demand for objective is a modern logistics, manufacturing, transportation, marketing strategies consider the market situation, This traditional logistics as a "logistical support" and "a bridge for sale" concept, have a much deeper and wider implications. Logistics and distribution industry in the decades after the birth of a rapid development, compared with the more traditional mode of transport, Logistics service is a revolutionary breakthrough : 1.1.1 open. It continues to receive goods and information from the outside world, and also outside transfer goods and information. and to maintain regional economic cooperation among the different regional economic ties. It is the integrated multi-modal transport, independent of each other under the traditional mode of transport by land, sea and According to the various means of transportation, space science, a reasonable process to organize themselves, which lowers their clients the best transport front, the shortest transit time, the maximum transport efficiency, the safest transportation and the lowest cost of transportation, forming an effective use of resources and to protect the environment "green" service system. 1.1.2 integrity. It broke the transport link in the production aspects of the independent trade limits to establish the concept of enterprise supply chain for the whole process of planning and control of production and marketing. optimization of the production from the completion of the overall system design and operation based on the use of modern information technology, realization of the flow of goods, capital and information flow to the organic unity of the community to reduce production costs, suppliers, manufacturers, vendors, Logistics service providers and ultimately consumers reach all win strategy, the cohesion of the regional economy is to some extent relying on logistics centers have been maintained. 1.1.3 Individual. The center is a breakthrough in the transport capacity of view, stressing transportation, and its purpose of serving the customer first. Transport services and customer demand, production trends in small batches and diversified consumer demand tends to be varied, Individual circumstances, logistics service providers need to develop specialized, individualized services. 1.1.4 information. Factor in the transport, logistics more focus on transport, information management and business intelligence technology, traditional transport into the open and transparent operation, the traditional mode of transport into a single multi-modal transport is the best mix, to improve transport efficiency by shortening the transit time for the intermediate storage and greatly reduce the transportation cost. accelerate the realization of the value of goods. With modern electronic network as a platform for information flow, but also greatly accelerate the speed of the transmission of logistics information. won the most valuable time for clients, so that cargo transport link, and the best scientific methods, accelerating cash flow. bring into full play the role of capital value. 1.2 Development of China's logistics industry in China from the mid-1980s to the modern logistics industry research. Along with the continuous deepening of reform and rapid economic development of the national economy especially in the urban areas. a group of coastal cities in the four regional logistics center circle has been formed, namely Beijing, Tianjin, Shenyang, Dalian and Qingdao cities in the Bohai - rim logistics center circle, with Shanghai, Nanjing, cities such as Ningbo, Hangzhou and the Yangtze River Delta logistics circle. Xiamen and Fuzhou cities in the Central Taiwan Strait logistics center circle. Guangzhou and Shenzhen cities in the Pearl River Delta logistics center circle. China's hinterland to large cities at the center, a rail link to form a logistics node. Urban logistics industry characteristics, which can be summed up as decentralized operation, the lower the degree of organization, logistics distribution unreasonable. Logistics technology content is not too high and logistics enterprises horizontal weak. Logistics and the logistics development level of developed countries and regions, China's logistics industry is still at the initial early stage of development. There is a large gap. 1.2.1 The role of the logistics industry in the national economy has yet to improve since the mid-1990s. removal of several British logistics centers nationwide survey showed that logistics costs account for 39% of the total expenditure of the national economy as a whole in the production and circulation areas, logistics costs account for 63% of total expenditures. British logistics output as a proportion of GDP in 1996 reached 10.63%. In 1996, "Lloyd's Shipping Economist," the authoritative magazine of the world's major areas of logistics costs to GDP Statistics can be seen that the proportion of logistics spending in countries accounted for over 11% of GDP. which the European industrialized countries, the total cost of its logistics community, although different countries due to rounding. But generally equivalent to 12% of GNP. In China, by the end of 1998 according to the National Bureau of Statistics show that China included, 18.2 238,000 independent accounting industrial enterprises reached 609.4 billion yuan of finished products. The annual income from product sales accounted for 9.6% If the two accounts receivable 1.2315 trillion yuan of funds for the occupation of 29.1% of product sales revenue. 18.2 238,000 this year only 1.41 times the number of enterprises liquidity flow. This shows that China's huge potential in the logistics industry. developing logistics enterprises in China to accelerate cash flow and reduce capital occupation is of great practical significance. So vigorously promote the development of the modern logistics industry, separate the link to link up enterprise supply chain optimization, is the urgent need for economic development. 1.2.2 While promoting the country's industrial structure adjustment and reform of the circulation system to be in the market. in the field of logistics but also a low level, small scale, intense and disorderly competition. After nearly 20 years of rapid economic growth in the domestic market has undergone new changes, Low levels of domestic goods are faced with a surplus, due to the lack of market demand, a large number of domestic poor. idle capacity. employment pressures have become increasingly prominent, the lack of dynamic economic growth, many industries in the decentralized and blind excessive competition not a large market size, not industrial upgrading capabilities of enterprise organization. Due to the lack of large-scale economic circulation and circulation network to support the Industry's industrial structural adjustment scattered among enterprises scattered exacerbated by the flow of blind competition. China's industrial companies made large-scale integration not reasonable, low-cost circulation protection. The late 1990s, the flow of foreign multinational companies and domestic enterprises have to enter the number of chain stores in China and market network, However, China's industrial base is insufficient to support a national network of logistics operation. make all the commercial networks have emerged long-distance and network operators black hole trap. It can be said that without circulation there is no major industry, no major logistics will be no circulation, devoted to the development of the logistics industry. China's industrial restructuring is essential to complete. 1.2.3 behind the national infrastructure and modern logistics largely dependent on the success of low-cost cart the goods transport capacity, which is heavily influenced by the quality of infrastructure. In the past 20 years has been committed to this construction, the major highway network is completed, new port and the airport has been open, logistics facilities are put into use. According to the authoritative department's statistics, from 1998 to 2000. China to invest 540 billion yuan for highway construction; The total length of China's highways in 2001 will exceed 1.3 million km, ranking fourth in the world. have more than 11,000 km of expressways, the same ranking fourth in the world. However, due to lack of integrated logistics scale, competitive services and well-trained personnel and logistics management. The new infrastructure can not achieve the best effect. The other hand, the rapid development of information technology, especially the Internet, e-commerce and the general application of multimedia technology. circulation has been demonstrated in the application of technology and industrial structures are undergoing major changes. Logistics age is accompanied by the arrival of the information age, and the arrival, along with the development of information technology and development. It can be said that without information technology on modern logistics and logistics industry based on the scale indicates specialization, society, the reorganization and modernization. China's modern logistics technology is still very low, the logistics technology extension to the extensive expansion, it the development of the logistics technology, the importance of efforts to strengthen the technical logistics of systematic and standardized. all aspects of logistics processes requiring coordination, the logistics process in a balanced and coordinated systems. 2. building modern logistics center to city center to city center, 2.1 Construction adapt to the economic development of a logistics center general requirements, commodity distribution and processing center cities, but logistics and infrastructure facilities complete. flow of human capital, but consumer demand concentration, transport and information developed. City and the surrounding region asymmetry, In this asymmetrical structure city played "center" or "growth pole", its core hub for other areas "polarization" as a whole commodities, and in this sense. Logistics center of the city economic region as a French economist Boudeville radiation (Boudeville) mentioned The "regional polarization" (Polarizable Region). German scholar Christaller (W Stuttgart) have pointed out to be useful to organize production and circulation. necessary to create a city center, a multi-level market areas constitute corresponding structure of the space market. superior spatial structure of the industrial distribution market can have a tremendous appeal, figure 1. Moreover, he thinks that will have a range of products and services market, In this context may achieve the greatest sales and turnover is the value of products and services tariffs, the figure 2,3. Increase in the future economic development of cities, the market, the international trend, which played a leading role in urbanization. The level of urbanization is an important condition for the development of the logistics industry, in turn, is accompanied by the development of urban logistics industry, promote the city's industrial production, finance, services and other economic development, social division of labor, fully meet the needs of our society. Can lead to the development of the surrounding areas, and the prosperity and development of small and medium-sized cities and rural areas. thus forming an organic system of commodities. From the late 1980s, the expansion of China's large cities, an area more than twice the average, the rise of small towns everywhere. From 1978 to the present, an increase of more than 40,000 small towns. International experience shows that when a country's per capita GDP reached 600~2000 dollars. The stage is to accelerate the growth of urbanization, China is currently at this stage. It can be predicted that Cities in the next 20-50 years, China will become a logistics center in one of the core logistics industry growth. China has initially will develop commodity logistics and distribution as a key national economic development plans. included in the "10th Five-Year Plan" and the overall blueprint, and it is the first to outline the goals and objectives of logistics and distribution. I hope that in the next five years to build 30 modern products and integrated logistics distribution center demonstration projects to improve logistics efficiency. Comprehensive Logistics Center, is multifunctional, high-level, functional distribution strong radiation wide range of social Logistics Center. The experience of developed countries shows that the integrated logistics hub in the region to play a vital role in economic development. Japan's peace delegation to the island logistics, integrated logistics business delegation to Kobe. Rotterdam, the Netherlands delegation, as well as logistics and distribution centers throughout the United States of large urban agglomerations have played an important role in the local economic development. Japan, which Tokyo Kobe and Kyoto three economic circle the logistics of maintaining long-term proportion of the total amount in Japan more than 44%. not only played a supporting role to the Japanese economy so that Japan can act as the hub for the East Asian economies of GDP. Logistics also optimized the structure of the region, prosperity and the improvement of the market system, to provide employment opportunities and improve the quality of urban economies. Logistics 220 city-center city layout principles regional logistics service center should be divided in accordance with the principle of " economic region "rather than" administrative region ". Although there may be some administrative and economic region and the same coincidence, but two entirely different concepts. Unlike regional economic administrative region have specific boundaries, the boundaries of the area economy is ambiguous. is a transitional zone, which formed a regional economic openness. Another difference between them is often classified SAR natural topography, population, natural resources and fertile degree transport conditions and other factors based on the administrative role, with a relatively long-term stability. and the development of regional economic performance was very active. If divided by the Chief Regional Logistics Center, the regional plan to collect information more easily. easy for the government's concern and support, but reinforced the intervention force, often in violation of the law of the market role. Especially for the enterprise organization in terms of logistics, market-oriented operation will be seriously constrained. According to the economic development of regional logistics centers adapt to the development of productive forces, the situation reflects the natural resource endowment. economic development and distribution, economic and geographical structure and the quality of the labor force and skills the degree of market development in the fields, but also reflects the openness and integrity of the logistics center. In 1996 China promulgated the "People's Republic of China for National Economic and Social Development" Ninth Five-Year Plan "and 201 2010 vision "on how to further accelerate the development of logistics planning and has made a specific request is : continue construction of a number overall, the key logistics infrastructure. planning for the transformation and modernization level of warehouses and distribution centers, logistics management, change logistics behind the situation, the need to adapt to rapid and sustained economic development. In planning, the city government should function as an organic part of the logistics for overall planning, avoid duplication and waste of resources or cause unreasonable siting transport a "bottleneck" phenomenon. In planning the logistics center should be conducive to the improvement of logistics in the region. conducive to the formation and improve the national logistics system, a logistics center to fully consider the type of radiation radius. Special traffic and other factors. Generally, the site should be a logistics center and transportation hub nodes in the urban fringe. Tokyo, Japan, the layout of the logistics group in Tokyo were East, West, South, North and transport interchanges, traffic factors into full consideration, to improve transport efficiency. 230 categories of logistics centers and city-planning logistics center. English has accordingly by the "Distribution center" to become a "Logistic 's center, "because of differences in the environment and needs of a variety of forms of distribution center. If professional distribution center and integrated logistic center city distribution center and regional distribution center. According to regional experts Edger Hoover and the traditional method. Logistics Center can be classified as flow-distribution center, processing and distribution centers and three types of storage-distribution center. 2.3.1 circulation flow-type distribution center normally used to provide the distribution center inventory replenishment. Virtually no long-term storage function, the only way out to enter or transit Mixed, delivery and distribution centers. This distribution center in the typical way is a whole lot of progress together with a certain amount of goods is that the use of sub-large cargo planes. 30-40 conveyer belt directly enter cargo plane, delivered to the user directly to the delivery of goods or the car. cargo distribution center just a little stagnant. Therefore, the flow-distribution center should fully consider market factors, geographic location near major clients locations available from the manufacturing point of the greatest distance transport cargo logistics center, and the transport of goods to customers in the second leg of the journey is relatively short, thus facilitating the rapid replenishment of stocks with the lowest cost. depending on their size, are required to speed the delivery, the number of orders and average unit cost of land. Kobe distribution center on the front, only transit centers, bulk storage relies on a large supply warehouse. 2.3.2 processing and distribution centers located in the processing and distribution centers, which are usually located near the factory. Centralized processing and assembly as a base for production of materials transportation, and distribution centers in support of the basic reasons for factory Transport rates will be focused product mix to customers and that the classification of products for the transport of bulk commodity trading focus. However, the processing and distribution centers examples, see little. China's Shanghai and other cities have the coal delivery, delivery point for the coal processing Shanghai Ship handling six shipyards build the distribution center, the Ministry of original material, Shearing factory will be of this type of center. 2.3.3 storage-distribution center in a buyer's market, a strong function of the storage and distribution centers generally have more inventory to support enterprise product sales its distribution center may have more storage function; In a seller's market, enterprises materials, the need for greater support for the supply of spare parts inventory, which has a strong supply distribution center storage function. Distribution of large-scale distribution center, we need a larger inventory, and may also be stored-distribution centers. Switzerland GIBA-GEIGY company's distribution center has the world's largest living repository store 40,000 pallets; The United States has a distribution center Hermach 16,300 cargo space in the storage area. This shows the large storage capacity. At present, the proposed distribution center, mostly centralized inventory form larger stocks, mostly for storage type. This logistics distribution center for the wide variety of inventory to provide a centralized transportation, and the method can determine the minimum total cost location. Modern Logistics stressed the integrated supply chain related activities that the whole is more important than the partial considerations. It emphasizes the flow of goods rather than the total cost of each step of the cost is minimized. This requires all organizations involved in the supply chain or distribution of detailed planning. A city is the site of modern logistics of the city's overall plan to deal with the overall pattern of urban logistics center. logistics functions, logistics infrastructure platforms, logistics information platform for the development of the logistics industry policy to make arrangements, and the development of the logistics industry and the implementation of specific plans for deepening.